This is something most people have to look up. Which of the examples is correct?
Example A
Several recent incidents have caused concern on the part of Management:
- unauthorized science experiments in the staff room
- employees pointing and laughing at rude or annoying customers
- conspicuous tap dancing in the main dining room
Example B
Several recent incidents have caused concern on the part of Management, including
- unauthorized science experiments in the staff room;
- employees pointing and laughing at rude or annoying customers; and
- conspicuous tap dancing in the main dining room.
Example C
Several recent incidents that have caused concern on the part of Management are:
- unauthorized science experiments in the staff room
- employees pointing and laughing at rude or annoying customers
- conspicuous tap dancing in the main dining room.
Writers can get quite agitated about this sort of thing, and pencils —let’s admit it—have occasionally been thrown.
Actually, they’re all right. Let’s look at the differences.
Example A follows the rules set out by the grande dame of North American style guides, the Chicago Manual of Style. Note that there is no final punctuation: the sentence closes at the end of the last bullet, or before the next upper-case letter. Chicago is keen on having a main clause (a chunk of words that could stand together as an independent sentence) before the colon.
Example B follows APA style (the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association): no introductory colon, no main clause to introduce the list, semicolons following list items, and an “and” before the last bullet.
Example C follows the New Oxford Style Manual. Like APA, it allows an incomplete sentence to introduce the list, but, like Chicago, it does use a colon. Like APA, it concludes the sentence with a period; like Chicago, it drops the punctuation at the end of the list items and the “and” before the last bullet.
It’s a little scary to venture an opinion on this one, given the ferocity of opinions on bulleted lists.
It can even be hard to know how to look them up in an index—sometimes they’re called “bullet lists,” sometimes “vertical lists.” The key feature of a bulleted list, though, is that it presents information through layout, through its arrangement on the page, rather than in an ordinary (run-in) sentence.
In a traditional sentence you need to have punctuation after each list item, so that the reader will know where one stops and the next one begins. When you arrange the list vertically, the reader already knows that. So why would you put the punctuation at the end of the line item, à la APA? Overkill. (Especially semicolons: they are a heavy punctuation mark.) (And what’s the “and” for? You can see there’s another one coming.) It’s like when people quote something in the middle of a paragraph: they indent it from the left margin, and then they use quotation marks, and then they decide to put the whole thing in italics just in case, and then, what the hey, how about bold…STOP already!
It’s true, I am biased in favour of less punctuation. If it’s not necessary, let’s lighten things up a little. I can see why some people get nervous about not having a period at the end, but whose good idea would it be to keep a sentence going after the bulleted list? That’s right, no one’s.
Some people just don’t like bulleted lists, but they’re a useful way of helping readers to grasp information easily. Pick your style and go. Now: fancy bullets or the little solid circles? Nah, we’re not going there.
Thank you, this is interesting and, believe it or not, it’s something I’ve thought hard about for resume writing recently! In the previous century, I was a soldier for ten years. As the Army is wont, an enormous amount of time was spent on standardization of written communication. There was exhaustive on the job training which consisted of more senior officers at the regiment berating us new 2nd lieutenants mercilessly until we got it right; there was even a manual we all had to follow. In addition to the getting used to correct numbering of paragraphs and making sure our various levels of sub-paragraphs (like bullets) were punctuated, there was another big adjustment. After completing a university degree full of essays and papers of “at least x hundred words” we were nearly always bawled at to make sure we were being PRECISE and CONCISE in our written work (obviously a lesson lost on me, good grief, look at what I’ve written here so far and how I’m wandering off-topic).
Anyway, we punctuated bullets exactly like example b (semi-colons, second last one with an “and” with the final ending in a period). The introductory sentence could be of any of the styles you show in your examples, but had to end with a full colon.
I thought that might be of interest to you. Sorry for the huge bag of marbles I’ve let fall out all over your comment section.
Thanks for the neat story, Tim! There’s a lot to be said for learning by drill: you don’t forget those things easily. I bet you could punctuate a bulleted list while you stood on your head singing Happy Birthday now…